The Role of Social Experience in Transforming Genotype Into Phenotype
نویسنده
چکیده
Nature and nurture stand in reciprocity, not opposition. Offspring inherit, along with their parents’ genes, their parents, their peers, and the places they inhabit. The ontogenetic niche is a crucial link between parents and offspring, an envelope of life chances. Development is at one and the same time a social and a psychological and a biological process. If we psychiatrists allow ourselves to become mere pill pushers—or psychotherapists who fit all patients into one Procrustean bed—each as the exclusive road to mental health, we will have abandoned the duty we owe our patients and our integrity as physicians. (Academic Psychiatry 1998; 22:213–222)
منابع مشابه
Genotype-phenotype association of TGF-β1 and GST with chemo-radiotherapy induced toxicity
Background: Normal tissue toxicity continues to remain as a major challenge for radiation oncologists for delivering the total dose to the tumour cells in cancer patients. Cellular, molecular and plasma based early biomarkers to predict the overreactions and non-overreactions of normal tissue toxicity before the initiation of radiotherapy can be valuable for personalised treatment. The aim of t...
متن کاملEvaluation of the genetic test components
The sequencing of human genome leads to obtain an important data on genetic elements having a crucial role in the molecular pathology of genetic disorders. This is the reason of introducing genetic tests to medical field. Genetic testing looks for changes at chromosomes, genes and protein level to detect heritable conditions for clinical purposes. Genetic tests used in routine practice are va...
متن کاملAPPLICATION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS AND NIH 3T3 CELL TRANSFECTION ASSAY IN THE STUDY OF TUMOR-AS SOCIATED PROTEINS AND GENOMIC DNA TUMOROGENICITY IN MALIGNANT HUMAN ESOPHAGEAL SPECIMENS
Total protein and DNA extracted from histologically diagnosed normal nonmalignant and esophageal tumor tissues were used for analysis of polypeptides pattern by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and DNA transforming activity in NIH 3T3 cell transfection assay, respectively. In comparison to normal tissues, eight polypeptides underwent down-regulation or disappeared, while seven polypeptid...
متن کاملTransforming Growth Factor Beta 1 869T/C and 915G/C Polymorphisms and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Background: Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) has been found to play a crucial role in early central nervous system development. Several studies have illustrated decreased TGF-β1 levels in sera and brains of autistic children. Two point mutations in the TGF-β1 signal peptide at 869T/C and 915G/C have been reported to influence TGF-β1 expression. The aim of the pres...
متن کاملGenotype–Phenotype Correlations in Iranian Myotonic Dystrophy Type I Patients
Objectives: Myotonic Dystrophy type I (DM1) is a dominantly inherited disorder with a multisystemic pattern affecting skeletal muscle, heart, eye, endocrine and central nervous system. DM1 is associated with the expansion and instability of CTG repeat in the 3chr('39') untranslated region of the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) gene located on chromosome 19q13.3. The aim of this study w...
متن کامل